Stratospheric Moistening After 2000

The radiative signature of upper tropospheric moistening.

Climate models predict that the concentration of water vapor in the upper troposphere could double by the end of the century as a result of increases in greenhouse gases. Such moistening plays a key role in amplifying the rate at which the climate warms in response to anthropogenic activities, but has been difficult to detect because of deficiencies in conventional observing systems. We use sat...

Enhancement of stratospheric aerosols after solar proton event

Correspondence to: E. A. Kasatkina *deceased Abstract. The lidar measurements at Verhnetulomski observatory (68.6°N, 31.8°E) at Kola peninsula detected a considerable increase of stratospheric aerosol concentration after the solar proton event of GLE (ground level event) type on the 16/02/84. This increase was located at precisely the same altitude range where the energetic solar protons lost t...

Blanket Cylinder Impression Cylinder Printing Plate Cylinder Moistening Roller

On moistening of the tropical troposphere by cirrus clouds

Sublimation of ice crystals in cirrus clouds is often invoked as a moistening mechanism for the free troposphere, particularly in the tropics. An alternative mechanism is investigated here: "pumping" of water vapor into the cloudy atmospheric olumn from surrounding regions by diabatic transports resulting from the local radiative effects of the cloud. The effectiveness of this mechanism is comp...

Stratospheric Transport

Improvements in our understanding of transport processes in the stratosphere have progressed hand in hand with advances in understanding of stratospheric dynamics and with accumulating remote and in situ observations of the distributions of, and relationships between, stratospheric tracers. It is convenient to regard the stratosphere as being separated into four regions: the summer hemisphere, ...